Medication Browser

Review medication classes by system with examples, plain-language mechanism, adverse effects, nursing actions, hold cues, antidotes, and NCLEX pearls.

Showing 34 class cards and 79 drug cards

all content needs review

Medication classes

ACE inhibitors / ARBs

lisinopril, enalapril, losartan, valsartan

needs review
CardiacRenal

Reduces angiotensin effect so vessels relax and aldosterone-driven sodium and water retention decreases.

Open class

Alpha blockers

tamsulosin, doxazosin, terazosin

needs review
RenalCardiac

Relaxes smooth muscle in the prostate, bladder neck, and blood vessels so urine flow or blood pressure can improve.

Open class

Antiarrhythmics

amiodarone, adenosine, lidocaine

needs review
Cardiac

Changes cardiac electrical conduction to terminate or prevent unsafe rhythms.

Open class

Anticholinergics

atropine, benztropine, oxybutynin, ipratropium

needs review
NeuroRespGI

Blocks parasympathetic activity, so secretions dry up, heart rate can rise, and smooth muscle spasms decrease.

Open class

Anticholinesterase agents

pyridostigmine, neostigmine

needs review
Neuro

Keeps acetylcholine active longer at the neuromuscular junction to improve muscle strength.

Open class

Antiemetics

metoclopramide, ondansetron, promethazine, scopolamine

needs review
GINeuroCardiac

Reduces nausea through different pathways, including serotonin, dopamine, histamine, muscarinic, cannabinoid, and NK1 receptor effects.

Open class

Antiepileptics

levetiracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

needs review
Neuro

Calms abnormal neuronal firing so seizures are less likely to start or spread.

Open class

Antilipidemics

atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin

needs review
CardiacEndo

Lowers cholesterol production or improves lipid profile to reduce long-term plaque and vascular risk.

Open class

Antiplatelets

aspirin, clopidogrel

needs review
CardiacHemeNeuro

Makes platelets less sticky so arterial clots are less likely to form.

Open class

Antipsychotics

haloperidol, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine

needs review
Psych

Modulates dopamine and other neurotransmitters to reduce psychosis, agitation, or mania.

Open class

Antithyroid medications

methimazole, propylthiouracil

needs review
Endo

Reduces thyroid hormone production so the high-metabolism state calms down.

Open class

Benzodiazepines

lorazepam, diazepam, chlordiazepoxide

needs review
NeuroPsych

Enhances GABA, the brain's braking system, to reduce excitability.

Open class

Calcium channel blockers

diltiazem, verapamil, amlodipine, nicardipine

needs review
Cardiac

Relaxes vascular smooth muscle and, for selected agents, slows AV node conduction.

Open class

Cholinergics

bethanechol, pilocarpine

needs review
NeuroRenal

Turns on parasympathetic activity, so secretions and smooth muscle activity increase while heart rate may slow.

Open class

Corticosteroids

prednisone, methylprednisolone, fluticasone, hydrocortisone

needs review
RespEndoSkin

Suppresses inflammation and immune activity; systemic use affects glucose, infection risk, and adrenal response.

Open class

GI acid reducers

omeprazole, pantoprazole, famotidine

needs review
GI

Reduces stomach acid so irritated tissue can heal and reflux symptoms decrease.

Open class

Lactulose

lactulose

needs review
GI

Traps ammonia in the gut and promotes stooling so ammonia levels and confusion can improve.

Open class

Magnesium sulfate

magnesium sulfate

needs review
OBRenalCardiac

Depresses neuromuscular excitability and stabilizes seizure risk in severe preeclampsia/eclampsia.

Open class

NSAIDs

ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac, aspirin

needs review
MSKSkinHeme

Reduces prostaglandin-mediated pain and inflammation; many agents can also affect platelet function, stomach lining, and kidney blood flow.

Open class

OB uterotonics

oxytocin, methylergonovine, carboprost, misoprostol

needs review
OB

Stimulates uterine contraction to support labor or clamp down bleeding after birth.

Open class

Opioid antagonists

naloxone

needs review
PsychResp

Competes at opioid receptors and can rapidly reverse opioid effects.

Open class

Prostaglandins

alprostadil, misoprostol, carboprost

needs review
OBCardiacPeds

Acts like prostaglandin signaling; the newborn cardiac use keeps the ductus arteriosus open while definitive care is arranged.

Open class

Psych antidepressants

sertraline, fluoxetine, venlafaxine, amitriptyline

needs review
Psych

Changes neurotransmitter availability to improve mood symptoms over time.

Open class

Thyroid medications

levothyroxine

needs review
Endo

Replaces thyroid hormone to restore metabolic function.

Open class

Individual drug cards

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Antiviral / Nucleoside analog

needs review
ID

Acyclovir renal hydration teaching is a source-highlighted target.

Open drug

Adenosine (Adenocard)

Antiarrhythmic / SVT conversion agent

needs review
CardiacResp

Adenosine requires rapid IV administration with immediate flush and ECG monitoring.

Open drug

Albuterol

Short-acting beta2 agonist / Bronchodilator

needs review
RespCardiac

No improvement after rescue bronchodilator is a priority.

Open drug

Amiodarone (Cordarone, Pacerone)

Antiarrhythmic / Class III potassium channel blocker

needs review
CardiacRespEndo

New dyspnea or cough can signal pulmonary toxicity.

Open drug

Amlodipine (Norvasc)

Calcium channel blocker / Dihydropyridine

needs review
Cardiac

Syncope or severe hypotension after dosing is priority.

Open drug

Amoxicillin

Penicillin antibiotic / Aminopenicillin

needs review
RespID

Anaphylaxis beats routine antibiotic completion teaching.

Open drug

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Anticoagulant / Direct factor Xa inhibitor

needs review
CardiacHemeRenal

No routine INR monitoring does not mean no bleeding risk.

Open drug

Aprepitant (Emend, Aponvie, Cinvanti)

Antiemetic / NK1 receptor antagonist

needs review
GISkin

Rash with mucosal involvement is not a minor side effect.

Open drug

Aspirin

NSAID / Antiplatelet / Salicylate

needs review
CardiacHemeNeuro

Tinnitus can be a salicylate toxicity clue.

Open drug

Atenolol (Tenormin)

Beta blocker / Beta1-selective adrenergic blocker

needs review
CardiacEndoRenal

Hold and question severe bradycardia or symptomatic hypotension.

Open drug

Atorvastatin (Lipitor)

Antilipidemic / HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

needs review
CardiacEndoGI

Muscle pain with dark urine can indicate rhabdomyolysis.

Open drug

Azithromycin (Zithromax)

Macrolide antibiotic

needs review
RespID

Sepsis treatment should not be delayed once cultures are obtained per order.

Open drug

Budesonide

Inhaled corticosteroid

needs review
RespEndoID

Inhaled steroids prevent inflammation; they do not rescue acute bronchospasm.

Open drug

Captopril

ACE inhibitor

needs review
CardiacRenal

Angioedema beats routine BP teaching.

Open drug

Carbidopa-levodopa (Sinemet)

Dopaminergic agent / Antiparkinson medication

needs review
Neuro

Late Parkinson medication can look like sudden functional decline.

Open drug

Carvedilol (Coreg)

Beta blocker / Alpha1 and nonselective beta adrenergic blocker

needs review
CardiacEndo

Acute pulmonary edema or worsening dyspnea is priority.

Open drug

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Cephalosporin antibiotic

needs review
RespID

Anaphylaxis beats routine antibiotic completion teaching.

Open drug

Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Antihistamine / Second-generation H1 receptor antagonist

needs review
RespEye/EarSkin

Drowsiness can still occur with cetirizine.

Open drug

Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Fluoroquinolone antibiotic

needs review
IDRespRenal

Fluoroquinolone tendon and QT cautions are high-yield.

Open drug

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Antiplatelet / P2Y12 receptor inhibitor

needs review
CardiacHemeNeuro

Bleeding risk rises when combined with aspirin or anticoagulants.

Open drug

Dextromethorphan

Nonopioid antitussive

needs review
Resp

Antitussives and respiratory suppression are an Upper Respiratory study target.

Open drug

Diltiazem (Cardizem)

Calcium channel blocker / Non-dihydropyridine

needs review
Cardiac

Bradycardia with hypotension or altered mental status is priority.

Open drug

Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Antihistamine / First-generation H1 receptor antagonist

needs review
RespEye/EarSkin

Airway swelling is the priority, not routine antihistamine teaching.

Open drug

Donepezil (Aricept)

Cholinesterase inhibitor / Cognitive enhancer

needs review
Neuro

Acute confusion is delirium until proven otherwise.

Open drug

Doxazosin (Cardura)

Alpha blocker / Alpha1 adrenergic antagonist

needs review
RenalCardiac

First-dose syncope is a classic alpha-blocker safety cue.

Open drug

Dronabinol (Marinol)

Antiemetic / Cannabinoid

needs review
GINeuro

Hallucinations, severe confusion, syncope, or chest pain are priority findings.

Open drug

Enoxaparin (Lovenox)

Anticoagulant / Low molecular weight heparin

needs review
CardiacHemeRenal

Renal impairment increases accumulation and bleeding risk.

Open drug

Famotidine (Pepcid)

H2 receptor antagonist / GI acid reducer

needs review
GIRenal

GI bleeding cues outrank routine heartburn teaching.

Open drug

Fexofenadine (Allegra)

Second-generation antihistamine / H1 receptor antagonist

needs review
Resp

Antihistamine sedation and anticholinergic burden are OTC source targets.

Open drug

Fluticasone propionate

Corticosteroid / Inhaled or intranasal corticosteroid

needs review
Resp

Steroid inhalers require mouth rinsing.

Open drug

Formoterol

Long-acting beta2 agonist bronchodilator

needs review
Resp

Rescue inhaler comes before controller inhaler during acute symptoms.

Open drug

Furosemide (Lasix)

Loop diuretic

needs review
CardiacRenal

Low potassium plus digoxin raises dysrhythmia risk.

Open drug

Gentamicin

Aminoglycoside antibiotic

needs review
IDRespRenal

Aminoglycoside trough and toxicity are source-highlighted targets.

Open drug

Guaifenesin

Expectorant

needs review
Resp

Breathing difficulty beats comfort symptoms.

Open drug

Haloperidol (Haldol)

Typical antipsychotic

needs review
PsychNeuro

Fever plus rigidity plus autonomic instability suggests NMS.

Open drug

Heparin

Anticoagulant / Unfractionated heparin

needs review
CardiacHeme

Protamine sulfate is the classic heparin reversal concept.

Open drug

Hydrochlorothiazide

Thiazide diuretic

needs review
CardiacRenal

Hypokalemia is the classic thiazide safety cue.

Open drug

Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)

NSAID / Nonopioid analgesic / Antipyretic

needs review
MSKSkinRenal

Black stools or coffee-ground emesis after NSAID use is a priority bleeding cue.

Open drug

Insulin glargine (Lantus)

Long-acting insulin / Antidiabetic

needs review
Endo

Basal insulin can still cause hypoglycemia even without a meal-time peak.

Open drug

Insulin lispro (Humalog)

Rapid-acting insulin / Antidiabetic

needs review
Endo

Low glucose or no meal available is a hold-and-question cue.

Open drug

Ipratropium (Atrovent)

Anticholinergic bronchodilator

needs review
RespEye/EarRenal

Eye pain/halos after nebulizer exposure is a glaucoma cue.

Open drug

Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imdur)

Nitrate / Antianginal

needs review
Cardiac

PDE-5 inhibitor plus nitrate can cause life-threatening hypotension.

Open drug

Labetalol

Beta blocker / Alpha1 and beta adrenergic blocker

needs review
CardiacOB

Wheezing after labetalol is a priority.

Open drug

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Thyroid hormone replacement

needs review
EndoCardiac

Chest pain or new tachydysrhythmia after thyroid replacement needs escalation.

Open drug

Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)

ACE inhibitor

needs review
CardiacRenal

Angioedema is an airway emergency.

Open drug

Loratadine (Claritin)

Antihistamine / Second-generation H1 receptor antagonist

needs review
RespEye/EarSkin

Second-generation does not mean zero sedation risk.

Open drug

Lorazepam (Ativan)

Benzodiazepine / Anxiolytic / Anticonvulsant

needs review
PsychNeuroResp

Airway and breathing concerns override anxiety symptoms.

Open drug

Losartan (Cozaar)

ARB / Angiotensin II receptor blocker

needs review
CardiacRenal

Pregnancy is a hard stop for ACE/ARB teaching.

Open drug

Magnesium sulfate

Electrolyte replacement / Anticonvulsant for preeclampsia/eclampsia

needs review
OBRenalCardiac

Absent reflexes, respiratory depression, or very low urine output are toxicity cues.

Open drug

Mannitol

Osmotic diuretic

needs review
NeuroRenalCardiac

New crackles during mannitol can mean pulmonary edema.

Open drug

Methimazole (Tapazole)

Antithyroid medication

needs review
EndoHeme

Fever plus sore throat on antithyroid therapy is an agranulocytosis cue.

Open drug

Metoclopramide (Reglan)

Antiemetic / Dopamine receptor antagonist

needs review
GINeuro

Involuntary movements, dystonia, or mental status change after dosing is not routine nausea care.

Open drug

Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)

Beta blocker / Beta1-selective adrenergic blocker

needs review
CardiacEndo

Check pulse and BP before giving.

Open drug

Nifedipine (Procardia)

Calcium channel blocker / Dihydropyridine

needs review
CardiacOB

Hypotension after nifedipine is priority.

Open drug

Nirsevimab

RSV monoclonal antibody / Respiratory syncytial virus prevention agent

needs review
RespIDPeds

Breathing difficulty beats comfort symptoms.

Open drug

Nitroglycerin

Nitrate / Antianginal

needs review
Cardiac

PDE-5 inhibitor plus nitro can cause life-threatening hypotension.

Open drug

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

Proton pump inhibitor / GI acid reducer

needs review
GIRenalID

Severe watery diarrhea after acid suppression can be a C. difficile cue.

Open drug

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Antiemetic / Serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist

needs review
GICardiac

Palpitations or syncope after an antiemetic may signal QT trouble.

Open drug

Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)

Antiviral / Neuraminidase inhibitor

needs review
RespID

Start antivirals early when prescribed for flu-like illness.

Open drug

Oxytocin (Pitocin)

Uterotonic / Oxytocic

needs review
OB

Stop or question oxytocin for tachysystole or nonreassuring fetal tracing per protocol.

Open drug

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Antiepileptic / Hydantoin anticonvulsant

needs review
Neuro

Ataxia and nystagmus can indicate toxicity.

Open drug

Pramipexole (Mirapex)

Dopamine agonist / Antiparkinson medication

needs review
Neuro

Falling asleep during activities is a safety cue.

Open drug

Prednisone

Systemic corticosteroid

needs review
RespIDEndo

Steroids reduce inflammation but can mask infection.

Open drug

Promethazine (Phenergan)

Antiemetic / Antihistamine

needs review
GIRespNeuro

Respiratory depression with a sedating antiemetic is an airway priority.

Open drug

Propylthiouracil (PTU)

Antithyroid medication

needs review
EndoHeme

Jaundice on PTU is a high-priority safety cue.

Open drug

Pyridostigmine (Mestinon)

Anticholinesterase / Cholinergic medication

needs review
NeuroResp

Respiratory muscle weakness is priority.

Open drug

Regular insulin (Humulin R, Novolin R)

Short-acting insulin / Antidiabetic

needs review
EndoRenal

Potassium too low before IV insulin is a protocol safety cue.

Open drug

Ribavirin

Antiviral / Nucleoside analog

needs review
RespID

Breathing difficulty beats comfort symptoms.

Open drug

Rosuvastatin (Crestor)

Antilipidemic / HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor

needs review
CardiacEndoGI

Dark urine with muscle symptoms is priority.

Open drug

Salmeterol (Serevent)

Long-acting beta2 agonist bronchodilator

needs review
Resp

Rescue inhaler comes before controller inhaler during acute symptoms.

Open drug

Scopolamine

Antiemetic / Anticholinergic

needs review
GINeuroEye/Ear

Eye pain or halos after patch exposure can indicate angle-closure glaucoma.

Open drug

Sertraline (Zoloft)

SSRI antidepressant

needs review
Psych

More energy may return before mood improves, so safety planning matters.

Open drug

Spironolactone (Aldactone)

Potassium-sparing diuretic / Aldosterone antagonist

needs review
CardiacRenalEndo

Spironolactone spares potassium, so high K is the danger.

Open drug

Tamsulosin (Flomax)

Alpha blocker / Alpha1A adrenergic antagonist

needs review
RenalCardiac

First-dose or dose-change orthostasis can cause falls.

Open drug

Tiotropium (Spiriva)

Long-acting anticholinergic bronchodilator

needs review
Resp

Rescue inhaler comes before controller inhaler during acute symptoms.

Open drug

Valproate / divalproex (Depakote)

Antiepileptic / Mood stabilizer

needs review
NeuroPsych

Abdominal pain plus vomiting can signal pancreatitis.

Open drug

Valsartan (Diovan)

ARB / Angiotensin II receptor blocker

needs review
CardiacRenal

Pregnancy with an ARB is a high-priority medication safety cue.

Open drug

Vancomycin

Glycopeptide antibiotic

needs review
IDRespRenal

Sepsis treatment should not be delayed once cultures are obtained per order.

Open drug

Warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven)

Anticoagulant / Vitamin K antagonist

needs review
CardiacHeme

Severe headache or neurologic change can signal intracranial bleeding.

Open drug